Customer Cravings, July 2019
Deep Dive Lipid Oxidation Lipid oxidation is a degradation reaction of lipids The process of lipid oxidation is complex but can be divided into three different phases Initiation propagation and termination During the initiation phase oxygen reacts with initiators like light metals or enzymes to form free radicals These radicals react with unsaturated fats to create peroxy radicals hydroperoxides and secondary products like aldehydes During the propagation phase radicals react with non radicals to form new radicals This process repeats over and over and is referred to as a chain reaction mechanism Radicals continue to accumulate and can be observed as an increase in peroxide value and changes in odor This stage can be quantifi ed by measuring aldehyde levels The termination phase is the point where termination reactions are occurring more often than propagation reactions This late oxidation phase coincides with high concentrations of radicals At this stage most unsaturated fatty acids have oxidized This phase can be observed as a decrease in peroxide value a reduction in unsaturated fatty acids and an increase in aldehydes and polymers Late stage signs of oxidation include increased viscosity and a paint like odor What technology is used to measure oxidation The most common measurement for lipid oxidation is the Peroxide Value PV test The PV test measures hydroperoxides which are quickly formed after hydrogen is abstracted from lipids Hydroperoxides are odorless and tasteless so these are not the compounds that people think of when they smell or taste an oxidized food During the decomposition process aldehydes are formed These aldehydes produce the classic signs of oxidation odor and fl avor degradation Many aldehydes can be detected by humans at very low concentrations and we assume theyre even more evident to pets 2 How can we prevent pet food oxidation Antioxidants are the key to preventing aldehyde formation Antioxidant mechanisms vary by product but most work by breaking or interrupting free radical chains and inhibiting the formation of hydroperoxides Its important to understand the solubility and mechanism by which a chosen antioxidant prevents oxidation to ensure it will work best in your formula There are also several points during the manufacturing process during which an antioxidant can be applied from an animal based raw material at rendering to a kibble mix before extrusion We recommend partnering with an antioxidant supplier who understands how to utilize antioxidants throughout the pet food supply chain Kemin Internal Document SD 17 00022 Frankel E N 1984 Recent advances in the chemistry of rancidity of fats Spec Pub R Soc Chem 47 87 118 Customer Cravings 7
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